![]() ![]() These terms are often used interchangeably. Startle is a reaction to sudden, intense threatening stimulus while surprise is inclined toward cognitive and emotional response. Startle response or surprise state are quite common in driving: a pedestrian sudden pass by, unintended acceleration or lough horn of a large truck, etc. The sources of the internal state can come from the outside environment or inside the driver’s mind. The driver inattention defined in the report including secondary tasks, drowsiness, drive-related inattention to the roadway, and non-specific eye glance toward the roadway.Īnother emerging crash factor that is gaining attention is the driver’s internal state. , in a report on the impact of driver inattention on near-crashes, showed that secondary tasks are the factors that contributed most to inattention-related accidents. The development of the technology related directly or indirectly to vehicles has helped to reduce the physical stress imposed on drivers but has also led to more distraction during the driving task. The factor that contributes most to a large number of accidents is human error: speeding, driving under the influence of psychoactive substances, distracted driving, etc. A report released by the World Health Organization in 2020 showed that there are around 1.35 million fatalities every year because of road traffic accidents.
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